Kuva mu 2014, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zagiye zishyuha buhoro buhoro. Muri byo, gucunga amashyanyarazi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byagiye bishyuha. Kuberako ingano yimodoka yamashanyarazi ntabwo iterwa gusa nubucucike bwingufu za bateri, ahubwo biterwa nubuhanga bwa sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi. Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri nayo ifiteubushakashatsinced inzira kuva kera, kuva kwirengagiza kwitabwaho.
Uyu munsi rero, reka tuvuge kurigucunga amashyanyarazi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bayobora iki?
Ibisa nibitandukaniro hagati yumuriro wumuriro wamashanyarazi nubuyobozi bwimodoka gakondo
Iyi ngingo ishyizwe kumwanya wambere kuko nyuma yinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zinjiye mugihe gishya cyingufu, urugero, uburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa nibigize imicungire yumuriro byahindutse cyane.
Ntibikenewe ko tuvuga byinshi kubyerekeranye nubushyuhe bwo gucunga amashyanyarazi yimodoka gakondo, kandi abasomyi babigize umwuga basobanuye neza ko imicungire yubushyuhe gakondo ikubiyemo cyane cyanesisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu na sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi ya powertrain.
Imyubakire yubushyuhe bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ishingiye kumyubakire yubushyuhe bwibinyabiziga bya lisansi, kandi ikongeramo sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike na sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri, bitandukanye n’imodoka ya lisansi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byumva cyane ihinduka ryubushyuhe, ubushyuhe nurufunguzo ikintu cyo kumenya umutekano wacyo, imikorere nubuzima, imicungire yubushyuhe nuburyo bukenewe bwo gukomeza ubushyuhe bukwiye hamwe nuburinganire. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi ya batiri irakomeye cyane, kandi imicungire yubushyuhe ya bateri (gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe / gutwara ubushyuhe / ubushyuhe bwumuriro) bifitanye isano itaziguye numutekano wa bateri no guhorana ingufu nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire.
Rero, ukurikije ibisobanuro, hariho itandukaniro rikurikira.
Inkomoko zitandukanye zubushyuhe bwo guhumeka
Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikamyo ya lisansi gakondo igizwe ahanini na compressor, kondenseri, valve yaguka, moteri, imiyoboro nibindiIbigize.
Iyo ukonje, firigo (firigo) ikorwa na compressor, hanyuma ubushyuhe mumodoka bukurwaho kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke, ariryo hame ryo gukonjesha. Kuberakoakazi ka compressor bigomba gutwarwa na moteri, inzira yo gukonjesha izongera umutwaro wa moteri, kandi niyo mpamvu ituma tuvuga ko ubukonje bwimpeshyi bugura amavuta menshi.
Kugeza ubu, gushyushya ibinyabiziga hafi ya byose ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe buturuka kuri moteri ikonjesha - ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’imyanda itangwa na moteri irashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya ubukonje. Igikonjesha kinyura mu cyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe (kizwi kandi nk'ikigega cy'amazi) muri sisitemu yo mu kirere gishyushye, kandi umwuka utwarwa na blower uhinduranya ubushyuhe hamwe na moteri ya moteri, hanyuma umwuka urashyuha hanyuma woherezwa mu modoka.
Nyamara, ahantu hakonje, moteri igomba gukora igihe kirekire kugirango ubushyuhe bwamazi bugere kubushyuhe bukwiye, kandi uyikoresha agomba kwihanganira ubukonje igihe kinini mumodoka.
Gushyushya ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu ahanini bishingiye kumashanyarazi, amashanyarazi afite ubushyuhe bwumuyaga hamwe nubushyuhe bwamazi. Ihame ryogususurutsa ikirere risa nkiryumisha umusatsi, ushyushya mu buryo butaziguye umwuka uzenguruka ukoresheje urupapuro rushyuha, bityo bigaha imodoka ishyushye imodoka. Ibyiza byo gushyushya umuyaga nuko igihe cyo gushyuha cyihuta, igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu kiri hejuru gato, nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ikibi nuko umuyaga ushyushye wumye cyane, uzana kumva ko wumye mumubiri wumuntu. Ihame ryo gushyushya amazi risa n’iry'amazi ashyushya amashanyarazi, ashyushya ibicurane binyuze ku rupapuro rushyuha, kandi ubukonje bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru butembera mu kirere gishyushye hanyuma bugashyushya umwuka uzenguruka kugira ngo ugere ku bushyuhe bw’imbere. Igihe cyo gushyushya amazi ashyushya amazi ni maremare ugereranije n’icyuma gishyushya ikirere, ariko kandi kirihuta cyane kuruta icy'imodoka ya lisansi, kandi umuyoboro w’amazi ugira ubushyuhe mu bushyuhe buke, kandi ingufu zikaba nkeya. . Xiaopeng G3 ikoresha ubushyuhe bwamazi twavuze haruguru.
Yaba gushyushya umuyaga cyangwa gushyushya amazi, kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bateri zamashanyarazi zirakenewe kugirango zitange amashanyarazi, kandi amashanyarazi menshi arakoreshwa murigushyushya ubukonje mubushyuhe buke. Ibi bivamo kugabanya ibinyabiziga bitwara amashanyarazi mubushyuhe buke.
Gereranyaed ikibazo cyo gushyushya gahoro ibinyabiziga bya lisansi ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buke, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo gushyushya.
Gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri
Ugereranije na moteri imicungire yubushyuhe bwibinyabiziga bya lisansi, ibisabwa byo gucunga amashyanyarazi ya sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi birakomeye.
Kuberako ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora bwa bateri ari buto cyane, ubushyuhe bwa bateri burasabwa kuba hagati ya 15 na 40° C. Ariko, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bukunze gukoreshwa nibinyabiziga ni -30 ~ 40° C, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara bwabakoresha nyabyo biragoye. Igenzura ryimicungire yubushyuhe rigomba kumenya neza no kumenya uko ibinyabiziga bigenda ndetse nuburyo bateri ihagaze, no gukora igenzura ryubushyuhe bwiza, kandi uharanira kugera kuburinganire hagati yimikoreshereze yingufu, imikorere yimodoka, imikorere ya bateri no guhumurizwa.
Kugirango ugabanye impungenge, intera ya batiri yimodoka yamashanyarazi iragenda iba nini, kandi ubwinshi bwingufu buragenda bwiyongera; Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe gukemura ivuguruzanya ryigihe kinini cyo kwishyuza cyo gutegereza kubakoresha, kandi kwishyurwa byihuse hamwe no kwishyurwa byihuse byabayeho.
Kubijyanye no gucunga amashyuza, kwihuta kwinshi kuzana kuzana ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi za bateri. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri bumaze kuba bwinshi mugihe cyo kwishyuza, ntibishobora guteza umutekano muke gusa, ahubwo binatera ibibazo nko kugabanya imikorere ya bateri no kwangirika kwubuzima bwa batiri. Igishushanyo cyasisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuheni ikizamini gikomeye.
Imashanyarazi yumuriro
Occupant cabine ihumuriza
Ibidukikije byubushyuhe bwo mu nzu bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye. Ufatanije nuburyo bwimyumvire yumubiri wumuntu, ubushakashatsi bwo gutembera no guhererekanya ubushyuhe muri cab nuburyo bukomeye bwo kuzamura ibinyabiziga no kunoza imikorere yikinyabiziga. Uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'umubiri, uhereye ku cyuma gikonjesha, ikirahuri cy'ibinyabiziga cyatewe n'imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'imiterere y'umubiri wose, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka, harebwa ingaruka ku ihumure ryabakozi.
Mugihe utwaye ikinyabiziga, abayikoresha ntibagomba gusa kumva ibyiyumvo byo gutwara bizanwa nimbaraga zikomeye ziva mumodoka, ariko kandi ihumure ryibidukikije ni igice cyingenzi.
Amashanyarazi akoresha ubushyuhe bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe
Batteri mugukoresha inzira izahura nibibazo byinshi, cyane cyane mubushyuhe bwa bateri, bateri ya lithium mubushyuhe buke cyane ibidukikije byangiza ingufu birakomeye, mubushuhe bwo hejuru burashobora guhura nibibazo byumutekano, gukoresha bateri bikabije imanza zizashoboka cyane guteza ibyago kuri bateri, bityo bigabanye imikorere ya bateri nubuzima.
Intego nyamukuru yo gucunga amashyuza nugukora ipaki ya batiri ihora ikora mubipimo byubushyuhe bukwiye kugirango igumane imikorere myiza yububiko bwa batiri. Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya bateri ikubiyemo ahanini imirimo itatu: gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, gushyushya no kuringaniza ubushyuhe. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gushyushya byahinduwe cyane cyane ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije hanze kuri bateri. Kuringaniza ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mukugabanya itandukaniro ryubushyuhe mubipaki ya batiri no kwirinda kwangirika byihuse biterwa nubushyuhe bukabije bwigice runaka cya batiri.
Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi ya batiri ikoreshwa mumodoka yamashanyarazi ubu kumasoko igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: gukonjesha ikirere no gukonjesha amazi.
Ihame ryasisitemu ikonjesha ikirere ni byinshi nkihame ryo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa mudasobwa, umuyaga ukonjesha ushyirwa mugice kimwe cyapaki ya bateri, naho kurundi ruhande rufite umuyaga, wihutisha umuvuduko wumwuka hagati ya bateri binyuze mumurimo wumufana, kugirango gukuraho ubushyuhe butangwa na bateri iyo ikora.
Kubivuga mu buryo bweruye, gukonjesha ikirere ni ukongeramo umuyaga kuruhande rwa paki ya bateri, hanyuma ugakonjesha ipaki ya batiri uhuha umuyaga, ariko umuyaga uhuhwa numufana uzagira ingaruka kubintu byo hanze, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha ikirere bizagabanuka mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hanze buri hejuru. Nkuko kuvuza umufana bitagutera gukonja kumunsi ushushe. Ibyiza byo gukonjesha ikirere nuburyo bworoshye nigiciro gito.
Gukonjesha amazi bikuraho ubushyuhe butangwa na bateri mugihe cyakazi binyuze muri coolant mumuyoboro wa coolant imbere mumapaki ya bateri kugirango bigere ku ngaruka zo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa bateri. Uhereye ku ngaruka zifatika zifatika, uburyo bwamazi bufite coeffisiyoneri yohereza ubushyuhe bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi zubushyuhe, nubwihuta bukonje bwihuse, kandi Xiaopeng G3 ikoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi hamwe nubukonje bukabije.
Mumagambo yoroshye, ihame ryo gukonjesha amazi nugutegura umuyoboro wamazi mumapaki ya batiri. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa paki ya batiri ari ndende cyane, amazi akonje asukwa mumuyoboro wamazi, ubushyuhe bugatwarwa namazi akonje kugirango akonje. Niba ubushyuhe bwa bateri yubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, bugomba gushyuha.
Iyo ikinyabiziga gitwarwa cyane cyangwa cyashizwemo vuba, ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora bateri. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri buri hejuru cyane, fungura compressor, hanyuma firigo yo hasi yubushyuhe inyuze muri coolant mumiyoboro ikonjesha ya bateri yubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe buke buke butemba mumapaki ya bateri kugirango akureho ubushyuhe, kugirango bateri ibashe kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane umutekano nubwizerwe bwa bateri mugihe cyo gukoresha imodoka kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza.
Mu gihe cy'imbeho ikonje cyane, kubera ubushyuhe buke, ibikorwa bya bateri ya lithium biragabanuka, imikorere ya bateri iragabanuka cyane, kandi bateri ntishobora kuba ingufu nyinshi cyangwa umuriro mwinshi. Muri iki gihe, fungura umushyushya wamazi kugirango ushushe ibicurane byumuzunguruko wa bateri, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushyushya bateri. Iremeza ko ikinyabiziga gishobora kandi kugira ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gutwara ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buke.
Gutwara amashanyarazi kugenzura ibyuma bya elegitoronike hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zamashanyarazi gukonjesha ubushyuhe
Imodoka nshya zingufu zageze kumikorere yuzuye yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kandi sisitemu ya lisansi yahinduwe sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi ya batiri asohoka kugeza370V Umuyoboro wa DC gutanga ingufu, gukonjesha no gushyushya ibinyabiziga, no gutanga ingufu mubice bitandukanye byamashanyarazi kumodoka. Mugihe cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifite ingufu nyinshi (nka moteri, DCDC, abagenzuzi ba moteri, nibindi) bizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi birashobora gutera ibinyabiziga kunanirwa, kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi ndetse no guhungabanya umutekano. Imicungire yubushyuhe bwikinyabiziga ikeneye gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwabyaye mugihe kugirango harebwe niba ibice byamashanyarazi bifite ingufu nyinshi mubinyabiziga biri mubipimo byubushyuhe bukora.
G3 amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike igenzura uburyo bwo gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Imashini ikonjesha mumashanyarazi ya pompe ya elegitoronike inyura muri moteri nibindi bikoresho byo gushyushya kugirango itware ubushyuhe bwibice byamashanyarazi, hanyuma ikanyura mumirasire kuri grille yimbere yikinyabiziga, hanyuma umuyaga wa elegitoronike ugahindukira kuri gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ibitekerezo bimwe byiterambere ryigihe kizaza cyinganda zicunga amashyuza
Gukoresha ingufu nke:
Kugirango ugabanye ingufu nini ziterwa nubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa pompe yubushyuhe bwagiye bwitabwaho buhoro buhoro. Nubwo sisitemu rusange ya pompe yubushyuhe (ukoresheje R134a nka firigo) ifite aho igarukira mubidukikije bikoreshwa, nkubushyuhe buke cyane (munsi -10° C) ntishobora gukora, gukonjesha ahantu h'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntaho itandukaniye nibinyabiziga bisanzwe byamashanyarazi. Nyamara, mu bice byinshi by’Ubushinwa, igihe cyizuba nimpeshyi (ubushyuhe bwibidukikije) birashobora kugabanya neza gukoresha ingufu zikonjesha, kandi igipimo cy’ingufu zikubye inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 icy'amashanyarazi.
Urusaku ruke:
Nyuma yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kidafite urusaku rwa moteri, urusaku ruterwa nigikorwa cyacompressorn'umuyoboro wa elegitoroniki w'imbere iyo konderasi ifunguye kugirango ikonjeshe byoroshye kwitotombera abakoresha. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikora neza kandi bituje hamwe na compressor nini zo kwimura bifasha kugabanya urusaku rwatewe nigikorwa mugihe byongera ubushobozi bwo gukonja
Igiciro gito:
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha no gushyushya uburyo bwo gucunga amashyuza ahanini bukoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukenera bateri no gushyushya ubukonje mubushyuhe buke ni bunini cyane. Igisubizo kiriho nukongera ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi kugirango wongere ubushyuhe, buzana ibiciro byinshi hamwe nogukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Niba hari intambwe yatewe muri tekinoroji ya batiri kugirango ikemure cyangwa igabanye ubushyuhe bukabije bwibisabwa na bateri, bizazana optimizme mugushushanya nigiciro cya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Gukoresha neza ubushyuhe bwimyanda iterwa na moteri mugihe cyimodoka ikora nabyo bizafasha kugabanya gukoresha ingufu za sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Byahinduwe inyuma ni ukugabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri, kuzamura urwego rwo gutwara, no kugabanya ibiciro byimodoka.
Intelligent:
Urwego rwo hejuru rwamashanyarazi niterambere ryikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi, kandi ibyuma bizana umuyaga bigarukira gusa kubikorwa byo gukonjesha no gushyushya kugirango biteze imbere ubwenge. Icyuma gikonjesha kirashobora kurushaho kunozwa kugirango habeho amakuru manini ashingiye ku ngeso z’imodoka zikoreshwa, nk'imodoka yo mu muryango, ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka burashobora guhuzwa neza n'abantu batandukanye nyuma yo kwinjira mu modoka. Zimya icyuma gikonjesha mbere yo gusohoka kugirango ubushyuhe bwimodoka bugere ku bushyuhe bwiza. Umuyaga w'amashanyarazi ufite ubwenge urashobora guhita uhindura icyerekezo cyumuyaga ukurikije umubare wabantu mumodoka, umwanya nubunini bwumubiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-20-2023